使用自然变异减缓葡萄成熟速度
Luigi Falginella1,2, Gabriele Magris1,3, Simone D Castellarin4
1Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
概括
基因改造可以减缓葡萄的成熟,帮助葡萄酒行业适应气候变化. 来自Vitis riparia的一种特定基因变异显著降低了成熟速度,使得以后在较温和的条件下收获.
科学领域:
- 葡萄种植和葡萄酒学 葡萄种植和葡萄酒学
- 植物遗传学 植物遗传学
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 葡萄的成熟速度对于酒和适应气候变化至关重要.
- 控制葡萄成熟速度的遗传基础在很大程度上是未知的.
- 了解成熟是解决葡萄藤 (Vitis vinifera) 果发展挑战的关键.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定控制葡萄成熟速度的遗传因素.
- 探索葡萄树对不断变化的环境条件进行遗传适应的潜力.
- 调查Vitis物种遗传变异对改善品种的作用.
主要方法:
- 定量特征局部 (QTL) 分析以映射控制成熟速度的基因.
- 特定的遗传单元类型的识别和表征与较慢的成熟相关.
- 对Vitis物种进行比较分析,以评估遗传变异.
主要成果:
- 确定了一个主要的定量特征位置 (QTL),显著影响葡萄成熟速度.
- 发现一个Vitis riparia的哈普洛型可以将最大的成熟速度减少一半,无论作物负载或果大小如何.
- 缓慢成熟的变种表现出延迟的成熟开始,允许在较凉爽的秋天天气下成熟.
结论:
- 葡萄成熟速度的遗传控制是可以实现的,并为葡萄种植中的气候变化适应提供了一种战略.
- 引入来自Vitis riparia等相关物种的特定等位基因可以增强Vitis vinifera品种的适应能力.
- 利用遗传多样性对于开发适应全球变暖和不断变化的行业需求的葡萄品种至关重要.
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