不规则战争的医疗支持:一个系统的文献综述,2000-2024年
Derek Licina1, Chelsea Cherenfant2, Jennifer Gurney1
1DoD Joint Trauma System, Sam Houston, TX 78234, United States.
Military medicine
|May 30, 2025
概括
自9月11日以来,从非正规战争 (IW) 医学中学到的教训提高了所有人的生存能力. 政策和学说的差距仍然存在,需要一个框架来改善医疗支持未来的冲突.
科学领域:
- 军事医学 军事医学
- 全球卫生安全 全球卫生安全
- 冲突医学 冲突医学
背景情况:
- 不规则战争 (IW) 涉及在具有有限医疗基础设施的具有挑战性的环境中进行不对称的活动.
- 在有争议的地区向美国军队,盟友和伙伴国家提供医疗保健是复杂的.
- 在过去的24年里,IW在医疗保健方面取得了进步,改善了生存率.
研究的目的:
- 确定自9/11以来的全球经验教训,以加强对不规则战争的医疗支持.
- 解决目前的挑战和IW医疗支持的未来方向.
- 制定改善复杂操作环境中的医疗护理的框架.
主要方法:
- 从2000年到现在的同行评审和灰色文献的系统文献综述.
- 使用国防部 (DoD) 教义,组织,培训,材料,领导和教育,人员,设施和政策 (DOTMLPF-P) 框架的数据提取.
- 在不规则战争的背景下对医疗功能领域的分析.
主要成果:
- 分析了1063个来源,主要是平民,涵盖81个国家.
- 出血和非战斗伤害的疾病是常见的问题;非战斗人员和服务人员是关键的护理接收者.
- 关键主题包括机构间同步,医疗弹性,全球卫生参与,理论差距,低签名行动,东道国的能力,培训需求,道德,心理健康和技术创新.
结论:
- 尽管取得了进展,但缺乏明确的IW医学政策和学说阻碍了进步.
- 提出了一个DOTMLPF-P框架,以解决缺口并指导未来的医疗支持解决方案.
- 利用静脉医学对于综合威和为大规模作战作战做准备至关重要.
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