减轻患者伤害风险:在医疗保健中对人工智能的要求提案
Juan M Garcia-Gomez1, Vicent Blanes-Selva2, Celia Alvarez Romero3
1Biomedical Data Science Laboratory, ITACA (Instituto de Información y Tecnología de las Comunicaciones), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain; Comité técnico de Inteligencia Artificial, Sociedad Española de Informática para la Salud (SEIS), Madrid, Spain.
Artificial intelligence in medicine
|May 30, 2025
概括
将人工智能 (AI) 整合到医疗保健中需要降低风险. 这项研究提出了对医学的可靠,透明,可追溯和负责任的AI的要求,得到了专业人士的积极欢迎.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 卫生技术评估 卫生技术评估
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 越来越多地被整合到医疗软件中,因此需要强有力的战略来负责任地实施.
- 欧洲议会研究服务 (EPRS) 确定的关键风险需要具体的缓解方法,以确保患者安全和伦理一致.
- 现有的框架缺乏对医疗保健中的AI的全面要求,突出了结构化风险管理的需要.
研究的目的:
- 对支持人工智能的医疗软件审查和提出补充风险减轻要求.
- 确保AI在医疗保健中的核心方面:可靠性,透明度,可追溯性和责任性.
- 收集医疗ICT专业人员对拟议的人工智能缓解要求的感知价值的见解.
主要方法:
- 文献审查以确定AI在医疗保健中的关键风险和潜在缓解策略,参考EPRS报告.
- 在可靠性,透明性,可追溯性和责任性分类的特定风险减轻要求的制定.
- 在2024年3月至6月期间,对216名医疗ICT专业人员 (医生,ICT工作人员和其他人) 进行了调查,以评估这些要求的感知相关性.
主要成果:
- 所有接受调查的专业人士都对拟议的风险减轻要求持积极态度.
- 可解释的人工智能 (XAI) 和数据质量评估被认为对透明度至关重要;可追溯性的审计轨道;以及监管合规性和临床医生对责任的双重检查.
- 临床医生发现一些要求,包括持续绩效评估和AI护照,比技术人员更相关 (p < 0.05). 用户还对人工智能护照的透明度评价高于决策者 (p < 0.05).
结论:
- 拟议的一组风险减轻要求为AI在医疗实践中的道德部署提供了基础框架.
- 各种医疗ICT专业人员的积极接待表明这些结构化要求具有广泛的适用性和接受性.
- 未来的医疗保健人工智能系统可以满足这些要求,以提高可靠性,透明度,可追溯性和责任性,确保患者安全.
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