使用以健康为中心的空气污染指数,对中国的多污染物空气质量进行表征
Yiyi Wang1, Zenghui Li2, Fuping Qian1
1School of Energy and Environment, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, 243002, China.
Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|May 30, 2025
概括
中国目前的空气质量指数 (AQI) 低估了多种污染物的健康风险. 像基于健康风险的空气质量指数 (HAQI) 这样的替代指数更好地捕捉累积影响和季节性变化,这表明需要改进空气质量管理策略.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 大气科学 大气科学
背景情况:
- 在全球范围内,空气污染对人类健康构成重大风险.
- 中国目前的空气质量指数 (AQI) 方法依赖于单一污染物最大值,可能低估了综合健康影响.
- 需要更全面的空气质量评估工具来考虑多种污染物.
研究的目的:
- 评估三个替代空气质量指数 (HAQI,空气质量健康指数,API) 与中国标准 AQI 的有效性.
- 评估不同指数对多重污染物空气质量和相关健康风险的表征能力.
- 确定当前AQI在反映累积健康影响方面的局限性.
主要方法:
- 使用中国 (2014-2023) 数据对AQI,HAQI,空气质量健康指数和API进行比较分析.
- 在多种污染物同时超标的地区评估指数的表现.
- 评估污染物贡献 (例如,SO2,CO) 和过度风险 (ER) 值.
主要成果:
- 标准的AQI低估了在多重污染物同时存在的地区的健康风险,特别是北中国平原.
- 像SO2和CO这样的污染物对AQI的影响很小,而过度的风险则提供了更好的健康风险表示.
- 与AQI相比,HAQI和API在捕捉季节性污染变化和评估严重污染事件方面表现优异.
结论:
- 目前中国的AQI框架不足以准确评估多重污染物的健康风险.
- 其他指数,特别是HAQI和API,提供了对空气质量及其健康影响的更强有力的评估.
- 在高污染期间,需要采取更严格的公共卫生干预措施,超过目前的AQI建议.
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