在美国,与低剂量计算机断层扫描肺癌查相关的多层次因素
Tung-Sung Tseng1, Chien-Ching Li2, Hui-Yi Lin1
1School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, USA.
Journal of the National Medical Association
|May 30, 2025
概括
低剂量计算机断层扫描 (LDCT) 查肺癌在高风险吸烟者中使用不足. 诸如就业,收入和获得护理等因素影响查率,突出需要改善可访问性和有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 低剂量计算机断层扫描 (LDCT) 查建议高风险吸烟者减少肺癌死亡率.
- 在美国,符合条件的吸烟者中,LDCT查的采用率低于最佳水平.
- 影响LDCT查普及的多层次因素需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 调查与最不发达国家人群查普及相关的多层次社会环境和个人因素.
- 分析高风险吸烟者中LDCT查使用率的全国代表性数据.
主要方法:
- 利用了2017-2021年行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 的数据,包括健康的社会决定因素 (SDOH) 和州级变量.
- 包括医疗补助扩张状态和查设施数量 (ALA数据).
- 分析了来自29个州15640名受访者的数据,并对复杂的抽样设计进行了加权.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,LDCT查利用率为18.4%,在州一级有显著的差异 (6.2%-31.1%).
- 每10,000名吸烟者中,查率与查设施积极相关 (r=0.67,p<0.001).
- 在有工作的人,从未结婚的人,报告健康状况良好的人,缺乏初级保健医生的人,低收入的人,不经常检查的人和某些慢性疾病中观察到较低的利用率.
结论:
- 在符合条件的吸烟者中,LDCT查的使用率仍然很低.
- 改善获得护理的机会,促进多元群体的服务,扩大医疗补助覆盖范围对于未来的肺癌查计划至关重要.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施来解决LDCT查采用的差异.
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