蝙蝠使用人为结构对蝙蝠和人类的影响
Ella A Sippola1, Joseph S Johnson2, Stefano Mammola3,4,5
1BatLab Finland, Finnish Museum of Natural History (LUOMUS), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
概括
由于息地丧失,蝙蝠越来越多地使用人类结构. 对这些城市蝙蝠及其对人类和自然保护的影响的研究需要更好的全球关注和定量数据.
科学领域:
- 生态与保护生物学 生态与保护生物学
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 野生动物管理 野生动物管理
背景情况:
- 人类引起的景观变化和气候变化正在增加野生动物与人类的近距离.
- 人类结构对于物种保护至关重要,但对蝙蝠的负面看法可能会阻碍这些努力.
- 了解蝙蝠对人造结构的使用对于城市化环境中的共存至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 进行全球系统的文献审查,对人类结构中的蝙蝠进行研究.
- 分析这些结构对蝙蝠和人类的影响.
- 识别研究缺口,特别是地理和方法方面的缺口.
主要方法:
- 对735篇关于蝙蝠和人为结构的出版物的系统文献综述.
- 对8个出版物的元分析,提供29个定量估计,比较人为和自然.
- 关于影响,类型,地理重点和研究方法的数据提取.
主要成果:
- 研究重点集中在北半球,忽视了赤道生物多样性热点.
- 对使用人为息地 (例如建筑物) 的蝙蝠,最常报告的影响是干扰.
- 分析揭示了蝙蝠行为,室温度,健康状况和人工和天然间的占用率的差异.
结论:
- 目前的研究重点与由于城市化而增加的人类蝙蝠互动的领域不一致.
- 许多记录在案的对蝙蝠的影响缺乏定量测量和与自然息地进行比较.
- 需要进一步研究量化影响,以制定有效的管理策略,使蝙蝠和人类都受益.
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