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在积极的火灾制度中找到最佳的植物和动物物种丰富度
Zachary L Steel1,2, Alissa M Fogg3, Raphaela Floreani Buzbee2
1USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA.
概括
生物多样性在各种火灾模式下壮成长,而不仅仅是历史上的火灾模式. 管理各种火灾严重程度和频率,包括热生物多样性,有利于塞拉内华达森林中的鸟类,植物和蝙蝠.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 森林科学 森林科学 森林科学
背景情况:
- 改变火灾制度会影响生物多样性,并挑战历史的保护方法.
- 气候变化需要对生物多样性的直接环境影响评估.
- 由于广泛偏离历史火灾制度,对各种火灾历史的采样有限.
研究的目的:
- 检查鸟类,植物和蝙蝠社区对加利福尼亚塞拉内华达山脉各种火灾制度的反应.
- 研究火灾的时间,空间和严重程度模式对物种丰富性的影响.
- 评估热生物多样性在支持多种类型中的作用.
主要方法:
- 研究了加利福尼亚州内华达山脉有活跃火灾制度的两个地区.
- 分析了鸟类,植物和蝙蝠社区对火灾模式的反应.
- 与火灾严重程度,频率和景观异质性相关的量化物种丰富性.
主要成果:
- 鸟类和植物物种的丰富性在火灾后的第一个十年内达到顶峰.
- 中度烧伤严重程度最大化了鸟类丰富性;低严重程度最大化了植物丰富性.
- 蝙蝠的丰富性随着火回归间隔的延长而增加,并受益于景观层面的火变化 (pyrodiversity).
结论:
- 与目前的干森林相比,恢复历史火灾制度将有利于生物多样性.
- 最佳的物种丰富性可能需要比历史目标更频繁和更多样化的严重火灾.
- 为了适应各种类型和保护目标,对各种条件的管理,包括 pyrodiversity,至关重要.
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