在儿童和青少年中估计COVID-19疫苗的有效性,使用来自学校每周COVID-19测试计划的数据
Paige E Harton1, Allison T Chamberlain1, Amy Moore2
1Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, United States.
Vaccine
|June 1, 2025
概括
针对SARS-CoV-2感染的COVID-19疫苗 (VE) 的有效性在5-11岁儿童中是适度的,随着时间的推移而减弱. 这项研究尽量减少了测试偏差,不论症状如何,估计VE.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 关于COVID-19疫苗有效性的观察性研究 (VE) 经常面临局限性,原因是接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个体之间的不同测试行为.
- 对抗SARS-CoV-2感染的精确VE估计对于公共卫生策略至关重要,特别是在学校环境中.
- 这项研究通过利用基于学校的监控测试计划来解决对无偏见的VE数据的需求.
研究的目的:
- 为了估计学生中针对SARS-CoV-2感染的COVID-19疫苗的疫苗有效性 (VE).
- 通过尽量减少与差异化测试行为相关的偏见,克服传统 VE 研究的局限性.
- 在儿科人口中,无论症状状况如何,提供 VE 估计.
主要方法:
- 在一个城市学区的学生中进行了一项模拟目标疫苗试验的观察性匹配队列研究.
- 从2021年9月到2022年5月,分析了9172名接种疫苗的学生 (5-11岁和12岁以上) 的数据.
- 通过国家免疫信息系统 (IIS) 确认了疫苗接种状态,并通过例行快速抗原检测确定了SARS-CoV-2感染.
主要成果:
- 在5-11岁的学生中,在第一剂疫苗接种后60天内,针对SARS-CoV-2感染的VE率为42.9%,在180天内下降至20.7%.
- 在整个研究期间,5-11岁年龄组的整体VE为14.9%.
- 在12岁及以上的学生中,对SARS-CoV-2感染的VE在整个研究期间为-5.0%,早期估计数据不足.
结论:
- 在5-11岁的儿童中,COVID-19疫苗对SARS-CoV-2感染的有效性是温和的,并在整个学年逐渐减弱.
- 该研究的设计,使用常规监控测试,成功地限制了与差异性测试行为相关的偏见.
- 这种方法可以可靠地估计VE对感染,无论症状表现如何.
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