在Sordariomycetes中基因表达的发育变化的进化率
Yen-Wen Wang1, Fen Wang2, Guoliang Meng2
1Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
Molecular biology and evolution
|June 2, 2025
概括
基因表达进化速率在真菌发育阶段之间有很大差异. 这些速率与基因序列演变相关,并且在功能途径之间存在差异,影响生物体的表型.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
背景情况:
- 现型进化是由发育中的组织中的基因表达驱动的.
- 基因表达的进化与表型进化有关.
- 现象型进化的速度得到了很好的研究,但跨发育阶段的表达进化的速度却没有.
研究的目的:
- 评估在真菌发育阶段的基因表达进化的异质速率.
- 研究基因表达进化和基因序列进化之间的关系.
- 识别具有不同表达速度的功能性途径的演化.
主要方法:
- 在9个Sordariomycetes真菌物种中分析单复制的ortologs.
- 检查9个发育阶段 (无性生殖和性生殖) 的基因表达.
- 与非同义词对同义词替代率 (dN/dS) 的相关性分析和功能途径分析.
主要成果:
- 基因表达进化速率在发育阶段内和发育阶段之间差异很大.
- 表达进化速率与dN/dS相关,表明共享的进化力量.
- 不稳定的途径 (例如,碳代谢) 显示出更高的进化率;保存的途径 (例如,细胞循环) 显示出更低的速度.
- 介质变化途径基因在介质变化阶段进化速度较慢,特别是在介质变化阶段.
结论:
- 基因表达进化是动态的,在整个发育过程中是特定阶段的.
- 基因序列和表达进化受共同的进化压力影响.
- 基因表达进化的特定途径调节对于发育至关重要.
相关概念视频
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.5K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.5K
01:17Gene Regulation During Sporulation
88
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...
88
01:53Bacterial Transcription
29.8K
RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
29.8K
03:21Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
8.4K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
8.4K
00:43Bacterial RNA Polymerase
30.6K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
30.6K
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
6.2K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
6.2K