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息地碎片化对昆虫多样性的影响:在补丁和景观层面的对立力量
Antoine Perrin1, Frank Rein1, Philippe Christe1
1Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, UNIL-Sorge, Biophore, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
概括
息地碎片化对斑块内的α-多样性产生负面影响,但在景观尺度上增强β和gamma-多样性. 保护工作应包括大大小小的息地,以最大限度地提高生物多样性.
科学领域:
- 生态生态学 生态生态学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
- 生物多样性研究 生物多样性研究
背景情况:
- 息地丧失是生物多样性下降的主要驱动因素.
- 息地分裂对生物多样性的影响取决于规模,并仍在争论中.
- 了解这些依赖规模的效应对于有效的保护至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查息地碎片化对不同空间尺度上的昆虫多样性的对比影响 (补丁与景观).
- 确定息地碎片化是否对斑块规模的α-多样性产生负面影响,并对景观规模的β和gamma-多样性产生积极影响.
主要方法:
- 在18个不同大小和隔离的瑞士干草场进行了虫和虫的调查.
- 评估了斑块大小和连接性对α多样性 (斑块内的物种多样性) 的影响.
- 在补丁之间分析了物种周转率 (β-多样性),并对马多样性 (累计物种丰富性) 进行了SLOSS分析.
主要成果:
- 补丁大小和连接性与两种昆虫群体的α-多样性正相关.
- 在景观尺度上,与相当面积的单个大块相比,多个小块支持相同或更大的玛多样性.
- 贝塔多样性随着地理距离的增加而增加,这表明在更遥远的区域之间物种的流动率更高.
结论:
- 息地碎片化对生物多样性的影响取决于规模.
- 碎片化对当地 (α) 多样性产生负面影响,但可以增强景观层面 (β和gamma) 的多样性.
- 保护战略必须整合大大小小的息地,以有效地保护整体生物多样性.
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