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Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
12.6K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

13.2K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
13.2K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.9K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.9K
Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
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Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation02:47

Alkynes to Aldehydes and Ketones: Hydroboration-Oxidation

19.0K
Introduction
One of the convenient methods for the preparation of aldehydes and ketones is via hydration of alkynes. Hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes is an indirect hydration reaction in which an alkyne is treated with borane followed by oxidation with alkaline peroxide to form an enol that rapidly converts into an aldehyde or a ketone. Terminal alkynes form aldehydes, whereas internal alkynes give ketones as the final product.
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Heterogeneous Removal of Water-Soluble Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalyst from Aqueous Media Via Host-Guest Interaction
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用氧气修饰的Ru用于高效的性进化反应.

Youpeng Cao1, Xingshuai Lv1, Jiao Yang1

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概括

氧气修饰显著增强催化剂的演化反应 (HER). 改进的Ru/C-220催化剂在水电解方面表现出卓越的性能,为金提供了具有成本效益的替代品.

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科学领域:

  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 催化剂是一种催化剂.

背景情况:

  • (Ru) 是演化反应 (HER) 的有希望的,负担得起的催化剂,但其活性往往不足以用于实际的水电解.
  • 增强基于Ru的催化剂对于推进高效和成本效益的生产至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种氧气修饰的催化剂 (Ru/C-220),具有优越的HER性能.
  • 研究氧气修饰在增强的催化活性中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 在Ru/C催化剂的空气回火中产生Ru/C-220.
  • 电化学表征包括超电位和Tafel斜率测量.
  • 用于表面分析的X射线光电子光谱 (XPS).
  • 低潜能沉积 (Hupd) 试验和密度功能理论 (DFT) 计算.
  • 阳离子交换膜水电解 (AEMWE) 试验.

主要成果:

  • 鲁/C-220在10 mA cm−2时实现了18 mV的超电位,Tafel斜率为34.9 mV dec−1.
  • 质量活动与未化催化剂相比增加了大约五倍.
  • 在Ru/C-220中,XPS显示了较高的格子O2−和Ru4+含量.
  • DFT和Hupd测试证实了由于氧气修饰而优化的*H吸附能量.
  • 艾姆韦的测试证明了改造后的催化剂的实际应用潜力.

结论:

  • 催化剂的氧气修饰显著提高了HER的性能.
  • 增强的活性归因于Ru活性位点的减少和优化吸附能量.
  • Ru/C-220催化剂对大规模水电解应用具有很大的前景.