在老年人群中对结肠直肠癌查和监测的当前观点
Jahnavi Udaikumar1, Rithish Nimmagadda2, Sushrut Ingawale3
1Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA.
Current gastroenterology reports
|June 2, 2025
概括
结肠直肠癌查显著降低了发病率和死亡率,但在老年人中风险增加. 个性化查和监测对于平衡老年人的益处与潜在并发症至关重要.
科学领域:
- 老年医学 老年医学
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是癌症死亡的主要原因,不成比例地影响75岁及以上的个人.
- 人口老龄化需要优化CRC查和监测策略.
- 目前的指导方针需要对老年人进行改进,考虑个性化风险效益分析.
研究的目的:
- 对老年人结直肠癌查和监测的当前指导方针进行审查.
- 检查老年人中CRC查方式的风险和益处.
- 探索针对CRC查和监测的个性化方法,平衡健康状况和潜在的并发症.
主要方法:
- 对有关结直肠癌查和监测指南的现有文献进行系统审查.
- 分析与CRC查相关的发病率和死亡率降低数据.
- 在老年人 (≥75岁) 中评估结肠镜和多眼镜术的并发症率.
- 对老年人查的脆弱指数和成本效益的评估.
主要成果:
- 结肠直肠癌查减少了17-33%的发病率和11-53%的死亡率.
- 结肠镜检查显示,死亡率降低了61%,但在75岁及以上的人群中,并发症率为6.8%.
- 多角切除有胃肠道出血 (8.7/1,000) 和穿孔 (0.6/1,000) 的风险.
- 脆弱性指数有助于评估适用性,但缺乏明确的停止监视标准.
结论:
- 乳腺癌查提供了显著的好处,但需要仔细考虑与年龄有关的风险和并发症.
- 个性化查方法平衡风险,并发症和个人健康状况对于老年人来说至关重要.
- 需要进一步的研究来完善监测策略,并尽量减少老年人群的过度治疗.
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