调查道路建设项目中撞车事故的模式和原因
Muhammad Khan1, Prosper Gbiengu1, Abdullahi Ibrahium1
1Safety Innovation Integration Research Lab (SIIR-Lab), Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
概括
在施工区发生的冲击事故是主要的安全隐患,造成了超过一半的事故和近70%的死亡事故. 关键的风险因素包括伤害类型,工人角色和项目的具体情况.
科学领域:
- 职业安全与健康问题 职业安全与健康问题
- 建筑工程 建筑工程 建筑工程
- 数据科学和预测分析
背景情况:
- 施工区,特别是涉及公用事业系统,高速公路,街道和桥梁的施工区,由于车辆入侵和重型设备,存在重大安全风险.
- 涉及工人,机器和车辆的撞击事故是建筑行业严重或致命伤害的主要原因之一.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用职业安全与健康管理局 (OSHA) 报告的大量数据集,分析建筑工区发生事故的模式,贡献因素和伤害严重程度.
- 确定与这些事故中死亡相关的关键风险因素,并评估不同建模技术的预测准确性.
主要方法:
- 利用了2000年至2022年3268份OSHA事故报告的数据集.
- 采用多方法方法,包括描述性统计,奇方位分析,后勤回归,随机森林和梯度提升用于分析和预测.
主要成果:
- 冲击事件占据了所有报告的建筑工地事故的50%以上,几乎占死亡人数的70%.
- 死亡的重要风险因素包括伤害性质 (截肢,窒息),工人的职业 (工人,维护工人),项目类型,成本,一天中的时间以及挖掘等活动.
- 集合模型 (随机森林,梯度提升) 与后勤回归 (AUC-ROC = 0.74487) 相比,显示出更高的预测准确性 (AUC-ROC = 0.78-0.79).
结论:
- 撞击事故是建筑工作区的关键安全问题,需要有针对性的干预.
- 使用先进的建模技术,可以准确预测死亡风险,突出特定的高风险因素.
- 标准化数据报告对于提高未来事故分析和预防工作的有效性至关重要.
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