个人和地区层面的监禁和死亡率.
Utsha G Khatri1, Jahn K Hakes2, David Buckler1
1Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
JAMA network open
|June 3, 2025
概括
监禁人员面临更高的死亡风险,特别是过量服用. 较高的社区监禁率加剧了这些风险,凸显了刑事司法和公共卫生政策改革的必要性.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 犯罪学 犯罪学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
背景情况:
- 美国是全球监禁率最高的国家.
- 监禁与长期的负面健康结果有关,包括死亡率增加.
- 之前关于监禁相关死亡率的研究在数据和设计方面存在局限性.
研究的目的:
- 调查个人和地区监禁率与美国所有原因和过量服用死亡率之间的关联.
- 量化监禁对死亡风险的影响.
主要方法:
- 一项大型队列研究,利用美国社区死亡率差异研究 (MDAC) 的数据.
- 将300多万美国社区调查 (ACS) 受访者与国家死亡指数和县监禁数据联系起来.
- 采用Cox的比例危险模型来分析死亡风险,并根据个人和县级因素进行调整.
主要成果:
- 与非监禁人员相比,被监禁人员的全因死亡率 (HR, 1.39) 和过量死亡率 (HR, 3.08) 的风险明显更高.
- 县监狱监禁率的10%上升与每10万人增加4.6例所有原因死亡相关.
- 这项研究分析了3,255,000个人的数据,其中11.6%的人患有全因死亡率,0.2%的人死于过量服用.
结论:
- 监禁对健康造成了相当大的双重负担,增加了个人的死亡风险.
- 县内监禁率的增加加剧了个人层面的死亡风险.
- 调查结果强调了刑事司法和公共卫生政策改革的必要性,以减轻监禁对健康的影响.
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