但是为什么?为什么? : 孩子们对解释的必要性的信念
Teresa Flanagan1, Alejandro Vesga2, Tamar Kushnir3
1Department of Human Development, Cornell University, United States.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|June 3, 2025
概括
6-9岁的孩子认为一切都需要解释,符合充分理由原则 (PSR). 较大的孩子 (7-9) 区分需要解释的事件和纯粹的巧合.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 形而上学的形而上学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 儿童拥有先进的解释性判断能力.
- 现有研究强调了儿童对重要事实解释的期望和评价.
- 一个关键的问题仍然是,孩子们是否相信所有现象都需要解释.
研究的目的:
- 调查孩子是否遵守充分理由原则 (PSR),该原则认为一切都必须有解释.
- 探索儿童形而上学的解释性判断的发展轨迹.
- 检查儿童对不同领域的解释的理解.
主要方法:
- 这项研究涉及80名6至9岁的儿童.
- 参与者在心理学,生物学,自然,物理,宗教和超自然领域中得到了陈述.
- 孩子们表示同意解释的必要性或缺失的可能性,并被问及巧合.
主要成果:
- 在所有测试年龄段 (6-9岁) 的孩子们普遍同意,各种领域的陈述必须有解释.
- 一个发育的区别出现了:7-9岁的孩子区分了需要解释的事件和巧合,而6岁的孩子没有.
- 这表明人们对PSR及其对非巧合事件的应用有了新兴的理解.
结论:
- 儿童表现出与充分理由原则 (PSR) 一致的基本信念.
- 在6岁至7岁至9岁之间,可以观察到理解解释与巧合的发育转变.
- 这项研究提供了对童年时代形而上学的解释性判断发展的初步见解.
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