使用基于深度学习的NLP模型来提取全文数据元素,用于系统文献审查任务
Jingcheng Du1, Dong Wang2, Bin Lin1
1Intelligent Medical Objects, Houston, TX, USA.
Scientific reports
|June 3, 2025
概括
这项研究表明,深度学习模型,特别是长短期记忆 (LSTM),可以自动提取用于健康经济学和结果研究 (HEOR) 系统文献评论 (SLR) 的数据. 这些NLP方法提高了合成HEOR证据的效率.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学和结果研究 (HEOR)
- 自然语言处理 (NLP) 是一种自然语言处理.
- 机器学习 机器学习
背景情况:
- 系统性文献审查 (SLR) 对于HEOR证据合成至关重要,但需要大量的劳动力.
- 之前的工作是开发机器学习来识别相关出版物.
- 本研究探讨了从科学文献中自动提取数据的NLP.
研究的目的:
- 调查使用NLP用于SLR中的自动化数据元素提取的可行性.
- 为了比较不同NLP算法 (CRF,LSTM,BERT) 对此任务的性能.
- 为NLP社区提供注释的 corpora.
主要方法:
- 收集并注释了239篇关于三个HEOR主题的12个变量的全文文章:HPV流行,肺炎球菌流行病学和肺炎球菌经济负担.
- 训练并评估了条件随机场 (CRF),长期短期记忆 (LSTM) 和来自变压器的双向编码器表示 (BERT) 模型.
- 作为一个基准,公开分享了三个注释的公司.
主要成果:
- 深度学习算法在SLR数据元素提取方面表现优于传统的机器学习.
- 在三项任务中,LSTM模型获得了优异的微平均F1分数 (0.890,0.646,0.615).
- 在CRF模型的表现有限,而BERT在这个特定的背景下没有带来预期的改进.
结论:
- 深度学习,特别是LSTM,在HEOR SLR中显示出自动数据提取的卓越性能.
- 由于其性能,可通用性,可扩展性和成本效益,建议部署LSTM模型.
- 分享的公司将促进进一步的NLP研究在SLR证据合成.
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