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在资源有限的血液服务中,在献血前查和献血后检测乙型肝炎感染的性能和可接受性

Claude Tayou Tagny¹, Biseuleu Loic², Mathias Ndemanou³

¹Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.

|June 4, 2025

概括

与喀麦隆的捐赠后检测 (PDT) 相比,B型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的捐赠前查 (PDS) 提供了更高的灵敏度和捐赠者接受度. 这种方法提高了血液的安全性,并且适用于资源有限的环境.

科学领域:

输血医学输血医学
病毒学病毒学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 是喀麦隆的一个重要的输血传染性感染.
之前对HBV的捐赠前查 (PDS) 和捐赠后检测 (PDT) 的研究,由于方法差异,产生了相互矛盾的结果.
评估捐赠者的可接受性和比较查性能对于优化血液安全策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了比较PDS和PDT策略在降低HBV传播风险方面的表现.
与当前PDT策略相比,评估PDS的献血者接受度.
在资源有限的环境中评估PDS的整体有效性.

主要方法:

一项涉及2528名随机分配到PDS或PDT的献血者的准实验性研究.
PDS使用了世卫组织预合格的HBsAg试验.
PDT涉及快速诊断测试 (RDT) 和酶免疫测试 (EIA) 的组合,通过DNA检测和HBsAg中和确认HBV.
通过问卷来评估捐赠者和工作人员的满意度.

主要成果:

PDS显示了100%的灵敏度,而PDT显示了96.4%的灵敏度.
这两种策略都实现了高特异性 (99.9%).
捐赠者接受度得分对于PDS (8.16 ± 1.61) 比PDT (8.00 ± 1.55)略高,表明接受度更好.

结论:

在HBV查中,PDS是一种有益的策略,可以提高血液安全性和供体接受度.
采用PDS方法是一种可行且具有成本效益的措施,特别是在资源有限的环境中.
实施PDS可以显著提高血液供应的安全性.

关键词:

非洲非洲非洲献血者献血的人献血者献血者献血者献血者献血者乙型肝炎 B 型肝炎在捐赠前进行查.

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