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Updated: Jun 15, 2025

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在TRPA1中进行的替代分离驱动了drosophilids中对电友的感觉适应

Hiromu C Suzuki¹, Claire T Saito^2,3, Srivarsha Rajshekar⁴

¹Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|June 4, 2025

概括

吃子的通过改变它们的TRPA1受体,进化了对有毒子油的敏感性降低. 这些变化包括TRPA1表达的降低,变化的拼接变体和氨基酸替代,使其能够适应新的食物来源.

科学领域:

进化生物学是进化的生物学.
分子生物学分子生物学
动物行为动物行为

背景情况:

动物对新生态的行为适应至关重要,但它们的分子基础往往不清楚.
草类 (Scaptomyza flava) 食有毒的棕植物,这些植物会产生电友性异酸盐 (ITC).
与相关物种相比, *S. flava* 观察到对ITCs,如基异硫酸 (AITC) 的敏感性降低.

研究的目的:

调查分子机制,特别是TRPA1受体,是S. flava*对ITCs行为敏感性降低的基础.
确定TRPA1表达,拼接和氨基酸序列的进化变化如何导致改变的化学感应.
阐明TRPA1进化的作用,使S. flava能够适应有毒植物饮食.

主要方法:

在 *S. flava*, *Scaptomyza pallida* 和 *Drosophila melanogaster* 的标签组织中对TRPA1基因表达水平的比较分析.
在 *S. flava* 中使用 *Xenopus* 卵细胞电生理学和在 *D. melanogaster* 中使用 *GAL4/UAS* 系统识别和验证 TRPA1 拼接变体.
在体外和体外功能测定以评估*S. flava*TRPA1的AITC敏感性,包括单个异型和共同表达的研究.

主要成果:

与D. melanogaster*相比, *S. flava* 在标签组织中表现出明显较低的TRPA1表达.
在 *S. flava* 中发现了更高比例的不太敏感的TRPA1拼接变体.
电生理学研究表明,S. flava的TRPA1,无论是在单个异构体中还是在共同表达中,都会降低AITC的敏感性,这表明进化适应对电友检测的降低.

结论:

在TRPA1中的进化遗传变化,包括减少表达,改变拼接和氨基酸替代,有助于S. flava对含有毒ITC的植物的行为适应.
TRPA1的替代拼接在调节对电友的感官反应方面发挥着重要作用.
这些分子修改为感官进化提供了一种机制,使动物能够通过化学防御来殖民新的利基.

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