门诊初级保健中的人工智能:对应用,挑战和未来方向的全面审查
medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences
|June 4, 2025
概括
初级保健中的人工智能 (AI) 大多处于开发阶段,实际应用有限. 需要进一步的研究和合作,才能将AI有效地整合到患者护理中.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 初级医疗保健医学 一级医疗保健医学
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 具有显著的潜力,可以增强门诊初级保健中的临床决策和患者结果.
- 机器学习和深度学习等人工智能技术可以提高诊断精度,风险预测和个性化治疗.
- 尽管取得了进展,但人工智能在初级保健机构的实际实施仍然在很大程度上没有特征.
研究的目的:
- 进行范围审查,探索AI在非紧急门诊初级保健中的功能,试验和整合.
- 了解人工智能应用的当前环境及其在初级保健中的研究阶段.
主要方法:
- 该审查遵循了PRISMA扩展范围审查 (ScR) 的指导方针.
- 搜索了五个数据库,查找2019年1月1日至2024年11月22日期间发表的AI和初级保健文献.
- 选了3203份手稿,提取了人工智能应用和研究阶段的数据.
主要成果:
- 61项研究符合资格标准,其中大多数 (26) 专注于人工智能模型开发.
- 只有八项研究报告了临床试验结果,除了提供者支持和诊断任务之外,还发现了很少的人工智能应用.
- 在初级保健中,AI在现实世界的实施被发现是有限的,在诸如认知支持和工作流程自动化等领域存在差距.
结论:
- 在初级保健中,人工智能主要处于发育阶段,在现实世界中部署最小.
- 加快人工智能采用需要合作,扩大临床试验,加强教育,并持续评估现实世界的整合.
- 未来的努力应该集中在弥合人工智能开发和在初级保健环境中的实际应用之间的差距.
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