Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.5K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.5K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

4.0K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
4.0K
Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds01:29

Preparation of Amines: Reduction of Oximes and Nitro Compounds

4.1K
Oximes can be reduced to primary amines using catalytic hydrogenation, hydride reduction, or sodium metal reduction. The reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitro compounds to primary amines takes place by either catalytic hydrogenation or by using active metals like Fe, Zn, and Sn in the presence of an acid.
Though catalytic hydrogenation can reduce nitrobenzenes, the reduction is nonselective in the presence of other functional groups. For instance, if nitrobenzene contains an aldehyde group,...
4.1K
Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction00:55

Nitriles to Amines: LiAlH4 Reduction

3.8K
Nitriles are reduced to amines in the presence of strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride through a typical nucleophilic acyl substitution. The reaction requires two equivalents of the reducing agent. The reducing agent acts as a source of hydride ions.
As shown below, the mechanism involves three steps. Firstly, the hydride ion acting as a nucleophile attacks the nitrile carbon to form an anion. In the second step, a second equivalent of the hydride ion attacks the anion to...
3.8K
Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

192
Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
192
2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO201:20

2° Amines to N-Nitrosamines: Reaction with NaNO2

4.6K
Secondary amines react with nitrous acid to form N-nitrosamines, as depicted in Figure 1. Nitrous acid, a weak and unstable acid, is formed in situ from an aqueous solution of sodium nitrite and strong acids, such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, in cold conditions. In the presence of an acid, the nitrous acid gets protonated. The subsequent loss of water results in the formation of the electrophile known as nitrosonium ion.
4.6K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Zwitterionic Gel Electrolyte Stabilized Multivalent Tellurium Redox for High-Energy Lithium Batteries.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Balanced electrochemical reaction kinetics and mass transfer for stable zinc negative electrode.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Enabling high-voltage aqueous dual-ion batteries capable of working at -40 °C in a low-concentration salt electrolyte.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Electrolyte-Regulated Epitaxial-Like Gradient Interface for Stable 4.8 V LiCoO<sub>2</sub>.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Mechanoluminescence-Enhanced Ammonia Synthesis via Mechanochemical Nitrate Reduction.

ACS nano·2026
Same author

Minimizing galvanic corrosion for durable anode-less aqueous zinc batteries.

Nature communications·2026

相关实验视频

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

12.8K

酸性酸盐电还原具有超高能效的超高能效

Rong Zhang1, Xintao Ma1, Shaoce Zhang1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)
|June 4, 2025
PubMed
概括

研究人员开发了一种新型的催化剂-电解质接口 (CEI),使用改性铜进行高效的电化学酸盐降解为氨. 这一突破提高了氨生产效率,特别是在低酸盐度下,并使污染处理和生物质提升的自动供电系统成为可能.

关键词:
酸性NH3的合成催化剂 - 电解质接口接口阴离子变异的修饰素-NO3− 电池电池的使用情况.NO3− 的减排方法.

更多相关视频

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.2K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery
09:50

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

Published on: January 22, 2015

12.8K
Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
10:57

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

Published on: April 10, 2018

18.4K
Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O
08:05

Measurement of the Potential Rates of Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium Based on 14NH4+/15NH4+ Analyses via Sequential Conversion to N2O

Published on: October 7, 2020

6.2K

科学领域:

  • 电化学 电化学 电化学
  • 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
  • 催化剂是一种催化剂.

背景情况:

  • 氨 (NH3) 是一个重要的工业原料,能源载体和储存介质.
  • 电化学酸盐 (NO3-) 降解为氨面临效率方面的挑战,特别是在低酸盐度下.
  • 开发有效的催化剂-电解质接口 (CEI) 是改善酸盐减少的关键.

研究的目的:

  • 设计和研究在现场形成的,正电荷的聚乙烯胺改性Cu CEI,用于电化学酸盐降解.
  • 为了增强酸盐的积累,并优化中间化,以实现高效的氨合成.
  • 展示一种用于同时处理污染物和产生氨的新酸电池.

主要方法:

  • 制造一个带正电荷的聚乙烯胺改性Cu催化剂-电解质接口 (CEI).
  • 在酸性条件下将酸盐降解为氨的电化学特征.
  • 在不同酸盐度下对法拉第效率 (FE) 和能源效率 (EE) 的评估.
  • 酸-酸电池系统的建造和测试.

主要成果:

  • 新型CEI显著提高了氨 (NH3) 法拉代效率 (FE),在10毫米酸盐溶液中达到83.5%.
  • 取得了37.1%的令人印象深刻的半电池能效率 (EE),在0.5M酸盐中增加到44.1%.
  • CEI的设计促进了酸盐离子的积累,并优化了*NO化,超过了以前的催化剂性能.
  • 展示了一种功能性的酸盐-酸电池,展示了一种用于酸盐整治和生产氨的自动供电系统.

结论:

  • 开发的CEI有效地促进了电化学酸盐降解到氨的高效率和节能.
  • 这种方法为处理酸盐污染物提供了一个有希望的策略,同时产生有价值的氨.
  • 该研究提供了关于CEI建设的宝贵见解,用于先进的电化学合成和可持续能源应用.