硫酸盐来自严重的酸雨,由于炭石燃烧的煤炭,一个世纪后,在河流中仍然明显
1U. S. Geological Survey, Water Mission Area, Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division, Reston, Virginia 20171, USA.
The Science of the total environment
|June 4, 2025
概括
20世纪初的炭酸煤矿开采对美国东北部的河流造成了大气中的硫. 这种历史性的燃煤导致了高硫酸盐水平,延迟了持续数十年的河流反应.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 水文学的水文学
背景情况:
- 来自美国东北部的长期河酸盐数据显示,从20世纪初开始的下降趋势.
- 这些趋势早于典型的酸雨缓解努力,表明早期的,重要的硫源.
- 宾夕法尼亚州的炭酸煤矿开采从1860年至1960年释放出大量的大气硫.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查历史上的炭酸煤燃烧对美国东北部河流硫酸盐度的影响.
- 量化开采的硫量与区域河流中观察到的硫酸盐趋势之间的关系.
- 为了确定影响硫酸盐输送到河流的地下停留时间.
主要方法:
- 分析了38个流域的河流排放硫酸盐数据,记录可以追溯到20世纪20年代.
- 地下吸附和运输时间分布模型的应用.
- 使用美国地质调查局的采矿记录来获得准确的硫输入数据.
主要成果:
- 模型结果显示,历史上的炭酸盐硫矿开采与河流硫酸盐度和趋势之间存在很强的相关性.
- 硫酸盐的平均地下停留时间估计在13至137年之间.
- 由于土壤过程或长时间的地下水滞后,观察到硫酸盐的递送延迟,一些地区最近才达到峰值.
结论:
- 历史上的炭酸煤燃烧是20世纪初大气硫的主要来源,严重影响了美国东北部的河流.
- 地下过程和地下水动态在硫酸盐的延迟释放中起着至关重要的作用,在长时间内影响水质.
- 这些发现表明,类似的长期保留和延迟释放机制可能会影响流域中的其他扩散源污染物.
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