建模COVID-19预防行为:邻居特征的影响,认知评估和信息使用
1Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
概括
社区风险因素和个人的看法显著影响预防行为,突出了社会经济和心理因素在公共卫生中的相互联系. 这项研究检查了在COVID-19大流行期间纽约市内的这些因素.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会心理学 社会心理学
- 城市研究 城市研究
背景情况:
- 社会生态模型 (SEM),保护动机理论和扩展并行过程模型为理解健康行为提供了框架.
- 多层次因素,包括社区风险和个人认知评估,对于塑造健康决策至关重要.
- 随着COVID-19的流行,人们越来越需要检查这些多层次影响对预防行为的影响.
研究的目的:
- 开发和测试一个多层次模型,检查影响预防行为的个人和社区因素.
- 调查社区风险因素,认知评估和媒体信息使用的作用.
- 了解个人感知与社区层面的健康行动决定因素之间的相互作用.
主要方法:
- 利用来自纽约市的个人级调查数据 (N=995) 和社区级数据 (N=41) 的多层次建模.
- 分析了2019年和2020年收集的数据,重点关注COVID-19流行病的背景.
- 在个人,社区和跨层次上检查研究假设和问题.
主要成果:
- 结果变量的大部分差异都存在于个人层面.
- 个体感知的有效性,它与感知的威胁的相互作用,以及信息扫描/搜索显著预测了预防行为.
- 社区层面的因素,如贫困率,与感知到的有效性,威胁和预防行为有关.
- 社区风险因素减轻了个人层面因素对预防行为的影响.
结论:
- 个人对有效性和威胁的看法是预防行为的关键预测因素.
- 社区的社会经济因素与个人感知有显著的相互作用,从而影响健康行动.
- 多层次的方法对于理解影响公共卫生行为因素的复杂相互作用至关重要.
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