与亚裔美国成年人相比,太平洋岛民的县级因素和死亡率
Jaimie Z Shing1, Paloma R Mitra1, Neal D Freedman1
1Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland.
JAMA network open
|June 6, 2025
概括
太平洋岛屿成年人面临的死亡率高于亚裔美国成年人,特别是在具有更好的社会经济因素和更高人口密度的地区. 这些差异凸显出需要量身定制的健康干预措施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生和流行病学
- 社会医学科学 社会医学科学
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 对于亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民群体来说,种族和县级社会经济因素对死亡率的相互作用是不充分研究的.
- 以前的研究可能已经将这些不同的群体汇总在一起,可能掩盖了特定的健康差异.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较太平洋岛民和亚裔美国成年人之间的全因,癌症和心脏病死亡率.
- 检查县级因素 (就业,教育,收入,人口密度) 对这些死亡率的影响.
主要方法:
- 使用国家卫生统计中心死亡证明数据 (2018-2020) 进行横截面研究.
- 包括20-84岁的非西班牙裔亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民成年人.
- 分析了来自美国社区调查的县级社会经济数据和来自农村-城市连续代码的人口密度.
主要成果:
- 与亚裔美国成年人相比,太平洋岛屿成年人在所有分析的县级因素中表现出较高的全因,癌症和心脏病死亡率.
- 最大的差异是在失业率最低,教育程度最高,家庭收入中位数最高,人口密度最高的县里观察到的.
- 发现了显著的死亡率比率 (MRRs),特别是在弱势县的年轻太平洋岛屿成年人心脏病.
结论:
- 亚裔美国人和太平洋岛民之间的死亡率差异在社会经济地位和人口密度较高的县里加剧.
- 在过去的健康倡议中,这些群体的聚合可能掩盖了关键的差异,特别是在社会经济优势和人口密地区的太平洋岛屿成年人中.
- 调查结果强调了需要针对特定种族和地理位置量身定制的公共卫生战略.
相关概念视频
Factors Affecting Illness
4.5K
When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
4.5K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
709
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
709
Actuarial Approach
140
The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
140
Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups
303
Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and...
303
Relative Risk
366
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
366
Lifestyle Factors and Health
134
Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
Benefits of Physical Activity
Physical activity, whether through structured exercise or casual activities like walking, biking, or dancing, is a cornerstone of a...
134


