美国工人的自我报告精神健康结果,按行业和职业分类
Aaron L Sussell1, Kristin Yeoman1, Carol T Nixon1
1Spokane Mining Research Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Spokane, Washington.
JAMA network open
|June 6, 2025
概括
与工作相关的危害影响心理健康,零售和食品服务等特定行业的抑郁和痛苦率更高. 需要针对弱势工人群体量身定制的预防策略.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 精神卫生流行病学 精神卫生流行病学
- 公共卫生监督 公共卫生监督
背景情况:
- 与工作相关的危险和压力与不良的心理健康结果有关.
- 自2000年以来,成年工人的自杀率一直在增加.
- 了解跨行业和职业的心理健康差异对于有针对性的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查员工中被诊断患有抑郁症,频繁精神困扰 (FMD),极度困扰和精神不健康的日子 (MUD) 的患病率.
- 为了确定这些心理健康指标是否因行业和职业而异.
- 为了确定特定的工人群体在较高风险的心理健康状况不佳.
主要方法:
- 采用来自37个州 (2015-2019) 的行为风险因素监测系统 (BRFSS) 数据进行的横截面研究.
- 分析包括超过536,000名目前在职的18岁以上的平民成年人.
- 分析了关于终身诊断的抑郁症,口病,极度痛苦,MUD,行业,职业和社会人口统计因素的自我报告数据.
主要成果:
- 14.2%的工人报告了终身诊断的抑郁症.
- 零售业和住宿/食品服务业的工人显示,经调整后的抑郁症和口热的患病率更高.
- 某些职业,包括医疗保健支持和食品准备,报告了更高的口热和极度痛苦.
结论:
- 在社会人口统计学,行业和职业群体中,工人的心理健康存在显著差异.
- 研究结果强调需要进一步研究影响心理健康的与工作有关的因素.
- 定制的治疗和预防策略对于改善工人的心理健康至关重要.
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