从知识生成到知识验证:检查ChatGPT的生物医学生成能力
Ahmed Abdeen Hamed1,2,3, Alessandro Crimi4, Magdalena M Misiak5
1MGEN - College of Engineering, Northeastern University Miami, Miami, FL 33127, USA.
iScience
|June 9, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 可以加速生物医学研究,但需要验证. 这项研究开发了一种方法来通过计算验证LLM产生的疾病关联,发现术语的高准确性,但ID的可靠性可变,建议谨慎使用和检索增强生成 (RAG) 以增强信任.
科学领域:
- 计算生物学是一种计算生物学.
- 生物医学信息学是生物医学信息学.
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 提供了加速科学任务的潜力.
- 人们对LLM产生的生物医学知识的真实性和可靠性存在担忧.
- 需要强大的方法来评估人工智能生成的生物医学信息的准确性.
研究的目的:
- 提出一种计算方法来评估LLMs产生的生物医学知识的事实准确性.
- 评估各种ChatGPT模型产生的以疾病为中心的关联 (药物,症状,基因) 的一致性和可靠性.
- 确定在生物医学知识发现中使用LLM的局限性和潜在改进.
主要方法:
- 开发了一个计算框架,使用快速设计的LLM (ChatGPT,GPT-4,GPT-4o,GPT-4o-mini) 来生成以疾病为中心的关联.
- 与已建立的生物医学本体学相比,经过验证的产生的关联.
- 评估疾病,药物和遗传术语识别的准确性,以及疾病-药物,疾病-基因和疾病-症状关系的覆盖.
主要成果:
- 在识别疾病术语 (88%-97%),药物名称 (90%-91%) 和遗传信息 (88%-98%) 中的高精度.
- 症状术语识别的准确性较低 (49%-61%),归因于非正式的描述.
- 疾病与药物 (89%-91%) 和疾病与基因 (89%-91%) 的关联有很好的覆盖率,疾病与症状的关联 (49%-62%) 的覆盖率较低.
- 生成的标识符经常是无效的或冗余的,尽管具有很高的术语准确性.
结论:
- 在谨慎使用时,LLM产生的生物医学知识是可靠的.
- 快速的工程和对本体论的验证对于准确性至关重要.
- 检索增强生成 (RAG) 显示出提高生物医学应用中LLM输出可靠性的承诺.
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