城市的大小:城市和森林之间的形态差异巨乳有一个遗传基础
Barbara M Tomotani1,2, Mika Couweleers1, Bram Ten Brinke1
1Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Evolution letters
|June 9, 2025
概括
城市鸟类在遗传上比农村鸟类更小,这种差异并不能通过食物的可用性来解释. 这项研究揭示了城市鸟类大小减少的遗传基础,影响了野生动物适应研究.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
- 城市生态城市生态学
- 动物形态学 动物形态学
背景情况:
- 与农村地区相比,城市环境往往表现出明显的生态压力.
- 以前的观察表明,城市动物比农村动物更小,但原因 (遗传与塑料) 仍在争论中.
- 了解这些差异对于预测野生动物适应城市化的情况至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定城市巨乳 (Parus大) 的较小尺寸是由于遗传因素或环境限制,如食物的可用性.
- 调查城市鸟类减小的体型是否适应了城市粮食资源减少的情况.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项多代共同花园研究,使用来自城市和森林的巨乳.
- 卵子从多个荷兰城市和森林中收集,并在相同的条件下养两代.
- 第三代人接受了模拟城市和森林条件的不同养方案,以测试适应性反应.
主要成果:
- 与两代森林鸟相比,城市生活的大奶鸟的后代的体尺寸较小,这表明大小差异的遗传基础.
- 在第三代操纵食物的可用性表明,虽然减少的食物导致了较小的鸟类,城市和森林的鸟类的反应是相似的.
- 这表明,与森林鸟类相比,城市鸟类在应对减少的粮食资源方面没有更好的能力.
结论:
- 在城市巨乳中观察到的较小身体尺寸主要是遗传差异的结果,而不仅仅是因应城市粮食稀缺而表型塑性.
- 该研究没有发现任何证据表明这些遗传尺寸差异已经演变为一种特定的适应在城市环境中减少的食物供应.
- 这些发现凸显了遗传学和环境在塑造动物适应人为景观的复杂相互作用.
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