身体活动背景如何与整个生命周期的认知有关:系统性审查和元分析
Myrto F Mavilidi1, Spyridoula Vazou2, David R Lubans3
1School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Wollongong.
Psychological bulletin
|June 9, 2025
概括
身体活动对认知有积极的影响,户外活动中等至强烈的强度和高认知需求显示出最大的影响. 这些发现凸显了体育活动干预措施中情境因素对认知增强的重要性.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 运动科学 运动科学
- 行为心理学 行为心理学
背景情况:
- 现有的身体活动和认知研究缺乏对上下文调节者的全面分析.
- 个人和身体活动相关的因素通常被研究,但上下文的影响需要进一步调查.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析情境因素的作用,与个人和身体活动相关的调节者一起,对认知结果.
- 确定体育活动在哪些特定条件下产生最大的认知效益.
主要方法:
- 171项慢性和68项急性体力活动研究的多层次元分析.
- 包括48,625名参与者,年龄范围广泛 (从学龄前到老年成人).
- 检查各种调节因素,包括年龄,强度,类型,背景和认知需求.
主要成果:
- 在慢性 (g = 0.25) 和急性干预 (g = 0.21) 两种情况下,观察到身体活动对认知的微小积极影响.
- 慢性户外体育活动 (中度至强烈强度,高认知需求;g = 0.63) 和急性户外活动 (中度强度;g = 0.71) 的效果大小最大.
- 认知效益由情境和与身体活动相关的因素共同调节.
结论:
- 背景因素显著缓和体育活动的认知益处.
- 户外体力活动,特别是具有更高强度和认知需求的体力活动,显示出明显的效应.
- 这些发现可以指导未来的研究和干预措施,以优化身体活动以提高认知能力.
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