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使用公开可用的全基因组废水测序数据检测SARS-CoV-2神秘血统

Reinier Suarez¹, Devon A Gregory¹, David A Baker²

¹Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri-School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America.

|June 9, 2025

概括

科学家们在废水中发现了18种新型SARS-CoV-2病毒的"神秘血统",其中一些突变回归到蝙蝠病毒序列. 这一发现提供了对病毒早期演变和适应的见解.

科学领域:

病毒学病毒学
基因组学就是基因组学.
流行病学流行病学

背景情况:

独特的SARS-CoV-2血统,称为"神秘血统",从2021年初开始在废水中偶尔检测到.
这些谱系是使用针对SARS-CoV-2快速演变的受体结合域 (RBD) 的测序策略来识别的.
通过这种有针对性的测序方法,以前已经确定了20多个神秘的血统.

研究的目的:

在废水序列数据中识别和描述SARS-CoV-2的额外隐秘血统.
分析这些血统中的突变,以获得进化见解.
调查SARS-CoV-2的潜在起源或进化途径.

主要方法:

从NCBI的序列阅读档案 (SRA) 选的SARS-CoV-2废水序列数据.
识别的序列读取的突变组合是神秘血统的特征,但不是当代菌株.
通过映射相关的序列读取,为新发现的神秘系谱生成部分共识序列.

主要成果:

确定了18个额外的神秘血统,这些血统存在于同一污水流域的多个样本中.
在这18个血统中,有12个是以前没有报道的.
这些神秘血统中的七种突变是对与SARS-CoV-2相关的肠道蝙蝠Sarbecoviruses中保存的序列的逆转.

结论:

废水监测有效地确定了新的和不同的SARS-CoV-2血统.
观察到的反向蝙蝠Sarbecovirus序列支持了SARS-CoV-2适应有效呼吸道复制的假设,这是COVID-19大流行之前的.
对废水进行持续的基因组监测对于了解病毒的演变和出现至关重要.

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