撒哈拉以南非洲粮食自给自足的前景
Martin K van Ittersum1,2, Seyyedmajid Alimagham1, João Vasco Silva1,3
1Plant Production Systems Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6700AK, The Netherlands.
概括
撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 通过提高产量和扩大土地,将谷物自给自足率提高到92%. 实现未来的自给自足需要将化肥的使用量增加三倍,并对农业进行大量投资.
科学领域:
- 农业经济学 农业经济学
- 粮食安全 粮食安全
- 农业学是一种农业学.
背景情况:
- 撒哈拉以南非洲 (SSA) 面临着到2050年粮食需求预计将翻一番,增加对进口的依赖和土地扩张带来的环境压力.
- 谷物,包括玉米,小米,大米,和小麦,至关重要,消耗50%的耕地和43%的饮食摄入量在SSA.
研究的目的:
- 评估南非南部地区粮食自给自足的最新趋势.
- 预测未来的谷物自给自足情景到2050年.
- 确定通过谷物生产实现粮食安全的关键驱动因素和要求.
主要方法:
- 对10个国家 (2010-2020年) 的详细谷物生产和消费数据的分析.
- 在各种场景下 (强化,面积扩大,气候变化) 建模未来的谷物自给.
- 估计所需的产量增加和相关投入,如肥.
主要成果:
- 尽管人口增长,但南非地区的谷物自给自足率在2010年至2020年间从84%上升到92%
- 产量增长是由产量改善 (44%),面积扩大 (34%) 和转向更高产量的玉米推动的.
- 由于2020年土地基线更大,玉米采用率更高,未来前景有所改善,但仍需要大幅增加产量.
结论:
- 停止农业用地的扩张需要大幅增加年产量增长至58公斤/公/年.
- 为了实现这些产量增加,需要对农业实践,社会经济发展和政治意愿进行大量投资.
- 化肥的应用量增加三倍,加上特定环境的农学,估计对于满足未来的谷物需求至关重要.
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