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插曲性未来思维和延迟儿童的满足:一个个体差异研究研究
Ciarán Canning1, Agnieszka J Graham1, Teresa McCormack1
1Queen's University Belfast, United Kingdom.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|June 9, 2025
概括
插曲性未来思维 (EFT) 提示并没有改善儿童的延迟满足 (DoG). 然而,积极的未来预期预测了DoG使用EFT线索的表现,而EFT能力和认知资源预测了延迟折扣任务的表现.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
背景情况:
- 研究还没有确定儿童的插曲性未来思考 (EFT) 和延迟满足 (DoG) 之间的联系,也没有证明EFT提示能增强儿童的DoG.
- 了解自我控制的发育轨迹需要洞察儿童的DoG表现的机制.
研究的目的:
- 调查预测8-11岁儿童在延迟满足 (DoG) 任务上的表现的个体差异,有或没有插曲性未来思考 (EFT) 提示.
- 确定这些个体差异是否预测了儿童从EFT提示中获益的能力.
主要方法:
- 儿童 (8-11岁) 完成了两个DoG任务:一个延迟选择任务 (实际奖励) 和一个延迟折扣任务 (假设奖励),每一个都有EFT提示和没有EFT提示.
- 对年龄和一般口语能力进行控制的分析,检查任务执行的预测因素和EFT提示的好处.
主要成果:
- 在控制年龄和口头能力时,没有测试的个体差异预测了EFT在任何任务中提升DoG性能.
- 积极的沉思情绪独特地预测了EFT引发的延迟选择任务的表现.
- 对于EFT诱导的延迟折扣任务,EFT能力,工作记忆和主动的注意力控制预测了性能,这表明与EFT诱导相关的认知负载.
结论:
- 对儿童来说,EFT提示似乎是费用的,可能需要大量的认知资源,特别是在像延迟折扣这样的任务中.
- 认知能力和面向未来的情绪的个体差异在儿童延迟满足方面发挥着作用,特别是在采用未来思维策略时.
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