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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Overview
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Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

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While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

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Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

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When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
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Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

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Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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孟德尔的豆基因

Julie M I Hofer1, Noel Ellis2

  • 1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom julie.hofer@jic.ac.uk.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology
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概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

孟德尔是什么意思 孟德尔

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科学领域:

  • 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 植物科学 植物科学

背景情况:

  • 格雷戈尔·门德尔关于遗传的基础研究使用了商业上可用的豆品种.
  • 他详细介绍了豆类七种不同特征差异的分离数据.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明孟德尔研究的特征的分子基础.
  • 讨论豆基因中的等位基因多样性和遗传异质性.

主要方法:

  • 对豆特征的遗传和分子基础现有文献的综述.
  • 对转位子插入,基因删除,拼接缺陷和误解等位基因的分析.

主要成果:

  • 已经确定了五种孟德尔特征的分子基础:纹的种子 (粉分支酶I中的转子子),绿色的树 (脱脱酶变体),黄色的 (叶绿素合成酶破坏),无色的种子外套 (基本螺旋环-螺旋转录因子缺陷) 和短茎 (gibberellin 3-氧化酶错误等位基因).
  • 孟德尔的两种基因仍然需要正式确认.

结论:

  • 在了解孟德尔豆特征的分子基础方面取得了重大进展.
  • 需要进一步的研究才能充分证实孟德尔研究的所有特征的遗传基础.