难以理解的语音噪音对儿童口头工作记忆表现的影响
Gaia Spicciarelli1, Flavia Gheller1,2, Michael Celli3
1Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Frontiers in psychology
|June 10, 2025
概括
课堂上的噪音,特别是难以理解的多语者语,在8-10岁的儿童中显著损害了复杂的语言工作记忆任务. 虽然注意力技能有帮助,但它们不能完全解释噪音对学习的负面影响.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 听觉神经科学 听觉神经科学
背景情况:
- 课堂上的噪音,尤其是学生的言语,会扰乱语言工作记忆,这对学习至关重要.
- 之前的研究集中在可理解的语音上,忽视了不可理解的噪音,如多人说话的喋喋不休.
- 两种理论解释了噪音干扰:声学入侵或注意力资源转移.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究不可理解的多语者喋喋不休噪音对儿童口语工作记忆的影响.
- 评估年龄和视觉注意力是否能缓和多语者喋喋不休的效果.
- 为了比较低需求 (数字跨度) 和高需求 (阅读跨度) 任务的噪音影响.
主要方法:
- 38名8至10岁的孩子在安静和多人说话的语条件下完成了口头工作记忆任务 (Digit Span, Reading Span).
- 评估了视觉注意力资源.
- 在各个年龄组 (8,9,10岁) 测量了表现和认知努力.
主要成果:
- 多语者语显著影响了高需求的阅读间隔任务的性能.
- 低需求的Digit Span任务显示噪音的影响最小.
- 儿童在噪音下报告了更高的认知力度,尽管大多数任务的条件下行为表现相似.
- 视觉注意力对工作记忆至关重要,但不能完全解释噪音的负面影响.
结论:
- 难以理解的多语者语噪音扰乱了学龄儿童复杂的语言工作记忆.
- 年龄和视觉注意力影响工作记忆,但不能消除噪音的有害影响.
- 在杂的环境中,感知到的认知努力与实际表现之间存在差异,需要多方面的评估.
更多相关视频
14:05Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
Published on: January 23, 2017
29.1K
09:05Assessing Working Memory in Children: The Comprehensive Assessment Battery for Children – Working Memory (CABC-WM)
Published on: June 12, 2017
29.6K
相关概念视频
01:24Working Memory
140
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
140
01:27Language and Cognition
335
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
335
01:16Interference and Decay
115
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
115
01:30Information Processing Approach
31
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
31