2023年在钱迪加尔的麻疹疫情调查:一个案例系列
Vidushi Mahajan1, Mini P Singh2, Anjali Sharma3
1Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College and Hospital, Sector 32, Chandigarh, 160030, India. vidushimahajan2003@yahoo.co.in.
Indian pediatrics
|June 10, 2025
概括
印度2023年麻疹病毒 (MeV) 爆发突显了严重的免疫缺口,60%的病例未接种疫苗. 基因型鉴定确定了D8基因型,强调了加强疫苗接种策略的必要性.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 麻疹病毒 (MeV) 疫情对公众健康构成重大威胁,特别是在疫苗接种覆盖率低于最佳的地区.
- 高等保健中心经常作为调查传染病爆发的焦点.
研究的目的:
- 调查2023年在印度北部的一家三级医疗中心爆发的麻疹病毒 (MeV).
- 描述疫情爆发的流行病学和病毒学特征.
主要方法:
- 病例定义遵循世卫组织的麻疹爆发工具箱,用于可能和确诊的麻疹病例.
- 实验室确认使用了麻疹IgM血清学.
- 使用实时聚合酶链反应 (RT-PCR) 进行了MeV菌株的基因定型.
主要成果:
- 38例实验室确诊的麻疹病例被确定,其中47%影响9个月以下的婴儿.
- 大约60%的病例未接种MeV疫苗.
- 基因型鉴定揭示了流通中的D8基因型 (MeV菌株MVs/Thiruvananthapuram.IND/18.12).
结论:
- 2023年的疫情凸显了免疫缺口对麻疹传播的重大影响.
- 持续的疫苗接种工作对于预防未来的疫情至关重要.
- 考虑早期的两剂麻疹疫苗接种计划可能是合理的.
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