预防2至4岁儿童肥胖的干预措施
Sophie M Phillips1,2, Francesca Spiga3, Theresa Hm Moore3,4
1Fuse - Centre for Translational Research in Public Health, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|June 10, 2025
概括
综合饮食和活动干预措施在预防儿童肥胖方面显示出适度的长期益处. 独立的饮食或活动干预措施对身体质量指数 (BMI) 的影响很小.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 儿科 儿科 儿科
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 儿童肥胖症是全球卫生优先事项,早期儿童是预防的关键窗口.
- 干预措施通常侧重于饮食和体育活动,但效果各不相同.
- 这一综述更新了以前对18岁以下儿童的肥胖预防干预措施的研究.
研究的目的:
- 评估干预措施对身体质量指数 (BMI),BMIz-score (zBMI) 和2至4岁儿童严重不良事件的影响.
- 评估针对饮食摄入量,活动水平或两者的干预措施.
- 为儿童早期有效的肥胖预防策略提供证据.
主要方法:
- 随机对照试验 (RCT) 的系统审查和元分析.
- 纳入标准:2-4岁儿童,饮食/活动干预措施,12周或更长时间测量结果.
- 在2023年2月之前搜索了多个数据库;使用RoB 2工具评估了偏差风险.
主要成果:
- 综合饮食/活动干预措施在长期随访中显示了非常适度的BMI和zBMI降低 (低确定性证据).
- 仅仅饮食干预对BMI和zBMI几乎没有影响.
- 活动干预表明,在中期随访时,BMI可能会降低 (中度确定性证据),但zBMI的证据非常不确定.
- 没有任何严重的不良事件直接归因于干预措施,尽管证据非常不确定.
结论:
- 综合饮食和活动干预措施可能为儿童早期的BMI提供轻微的长期益处.
- 孤立的饮食或活动干预似乎对BMI指标的影响很小.
- 鉴于证据的不确定性,需要进一步的研究来确认这些干预措施的安全性和有效性.
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