[中国肠道传染病的流行病学特征,2013-2022年]
1Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.
概括
中国的肠道传染病在2013-2022年间显著下降,手足口病 (HFMD) 和传染性腹是最常见的. 建议对儿童和农民进行有针对性的监测.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 肠道传染病在中国是一个重大的公共卫生挑战.
- 了解它们的流行病学趋势对于有效的控制策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析2013年至2022年中国肠道传染病的流行病学特征和趋势.
- 提供有针对性的预防和控制措施的证据.
主要方法:
- 利用描述性统计方法分析2013-2022年间的可报告肠道传染病数据.
- 计算年度变化率和季节性指数以确定趋势和模式.
- 分析了疾病按年龄,职业和地理区域的分布.
主要成果:
- 肠道传染病占所有可报告传染病的43.50%,平均发病率为224.50/100,000.
- 观察到总体发病率的显著下降趋势 (平均年均百分比变化 = -6.45%,P=0.025).
- 手足口病 (HFMD) 和其他传染性腹是最常见的,其次是痢疾,急性出血性结膜炎和病毒性肝炎E.
- 痢疾,HFMD,伤寒/副伤寒发烧,病毒性肝炎A和急性出血性结膜炎的发生率显著下降 (P<0.05).
- 肝炎E和其他传染性腹没有显著的年度变化 (P>0.05).
- 发病率高峰发生在5月至10月,其中6月的峰值.
- 男性的发病率高于女性 (P<0.05).
- 0-5岁的儿童主要受到HFMD,其他传染性腹和痢疾的影响.
- 20岁以上的农民主要受到霍乱,A型肝炎,E型肝炎,伤寒/副型肝炎和急性出血性结膜炎的影响.
- 与北部和内陆省份相比,南部 (283.66/100,000) 和沿海省份 (279.52/100,000) 的发病率明显高 (P<0.001).
结论:
- 中国的肠道传染病发病率在2013-2022年期间显著下降,HFMD和其他传染性腹是主要原因.
- 加强针对关键人群的监测,包括分散的儿童和农民,是必不可少的.
- 根据流行病学特征实施特定疾病的预防和控制措施对于减少发病率至关重要.
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