在道德决策中的个人利益和理由的神经计算机制
Liyang Sai1,2, Chongxiang Wang3,4, Yating Lv5
1Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. liyangsai@hznu.edu.cn.
Communications biology
|June 10, 2025
概括
人们在决定作弊时会权衡个人利益和理由. 更高的奖励和更容易的理由增加了不诚实,与中部前额叶皮质和前脑岛的特定大脑活动和连接模式有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 道德心理学道德心理学
- 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学
背景情况:
- 之前的研究在不诚实决策中分别探索了奖励和理由.
- 奖励和理由对不诚实的共同影响及其神经计算基础仍然未得到充分探索.
研究的目的:
- 研究指导个人利益和理由在道德决策中的整合的神经计算过程.
- 检查奖励大小和为不诚实辩护的容易性如何共同影响行为.
主要方法:
- 利用感知决策任务与贝叶斯计算建模和神经成像 (fMRI) 相结合.
- 量化了参与者在他们的选择中对个人利益 (奖励) 和理由 (感知模两可) 的权重.
- 分析了与道德决策相关的神经活动和功能连接.
主要成果:
- 不诚实的选择增加了更高的奖励,当感知模糊性 (合理化容易) 较大时.
- 个人对模两可的权衡显著预测了不诚实.
- 基于模型的选择值与中部前额叶皮质 (PFC) 和双边前端岛 (AI) 的活性相关.
- 左人工智能活动预测了诚实的选择,而左人工智能和腹侧PFC之间的连接增加与不诚实的行为相关.
结论:
- 个人在做道德决策时将个人利益和理由整合在一起,模糊性起着关键作用.
- 涉及PFC和AI的神经计算机制区分诚实和不诚实的选择.
- 这些发现统一了以前关于人类道德和决策的理论解释.
相关概念视频
Egoism and Altruism
91.5K
Voluntary behavior with the intent to help other people is called prosocial behavior. Why do people help other people? Is personal benefit such as feeling good about oneself the only reason people help one another?
91.5K
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
44
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal...
44
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.8K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.8K
Reason and Intuition
6.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
6.4K
Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.3K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.3K
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification
5.2K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
5.2K


