龙太空船上的心肺复苏技术:极星黎明任务研究
Anna Menon1, David Mampre1, Jared Isaacman1
1Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, CA.
Wilderness & environmental medicine
|June 11, 2025
概括
在微重力条件下进行心肺复苏 (CPR) 是一个挑战. 极星黎明任务发现,船外座椅在龙号航天器上提供了CPR的最佳人体工程学,尽管它具有很高的难度和增加了机二氧化碳.
科学领域:
- 太空医学 太空医学
- 人类因素在航空航天领域
- 紧急医疗响应应急医疗响应
背景情况:
- 在微重力条件下进行心肺复苏 (CPR) 具有独特的挑战,因为缺乏稳定的表面和互动运动的存在.
- 有效的心肺复苏需要专门的技术和设备,以确保充分的胸部压力,并保持操作员的稳定性.
- 之前的研究还没有完全解决在航天器的封闭环境中进行心肺复苏的实用性.
研究的目的:
- 评估在太空飞行期间在龙号航天器中进行心肺复苏的最佳方法.
- 评估在微重力条件下执行胸部压缩的工程学可行性.
- 确定CPR任务对航天器内部环境和系统的影响.
主要方法:
- 模拟心肺复苏使用人形和专门的活塞装置对各种航天器表面进行模拟心肺复苏.
- 机组人员确定了CPR压缩的最佳工作场所.
- 使用贝德福德工作量和博格评级的感知劳动力尺度来评估工作负载.
- 通过导航和二氧化碳传感器监测车辆撞击.
主要成果:
- 外板座位被确定为心肺复苏管理的最佳工作场所.
- 机组人员报告了高难度等级,平均Bedford工作负载和Borg劳动力分数分别为4.75和16.
- CPR压缩实现了目标频率范围 (1.7-1.9 Hz),但导致机二氧化碳水平增加 (>3.6 mm Hg) 和车辆加速.
结论:
- 外板座椅提供了最好的人体工程学解决方案,用于Dragon航天器中的心肺复苏.
- 虽然可行,但在微重力中进行CPR是一项非常困难的任务.
- 执行CPR对航天器环境产生影响,需要监测二氧化碳水平和车辆动态.
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