"一切都平等":为什么自动驾驶汽车专家改变或保留他们对电车问题的意见的伦理原则 - - 一项定性研究
Stephen R Milford1,2, B Zara Malgir1, Bernice S Elger1,3
1Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Frontiers in robotics and AI
|June 11, 2025
概括
专家认为,自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 在碰撞中的道德是复杂的. 虽然在很大程度上是实用主义的,但意见强调社区影响,遵守规则和风险责任平衡,而不是纯粹的个人利益.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的交互
- 运输伦理 运输伦理
- 人工智能伦理学 人工智能伦理学
背景情况:
- 公众对碰撞场景中的自动驾驶汽车 (AV) 伦理存在怀疑.
- 有限的研究已经探索了AV设计,部署和监管专家的伦理观点.
研究的目的:
- 调查AV专家关于碰撞场景的伦理意见.
- 确定影响专家在AV困境中的伦理判断的基本原则.
主要方法:
- 定性研究涉及46名AV专家的采访.
- 呈现两个类似于托拉车问题的小幅画,参数变化以衡量道德推理.
- 采访数据的反射性主题分析.
主要成果:
- 专家意见主要是实用性的,但细微的,优先考虑整个社区的影响.
- 遵守交通规则是一个强烈的道德考虑.
- 风险评估和责任分配显著影响道德立场.
- 在专家意见中,自私的考虑是最小的.
结论:
- 影视伦理提出了重大挑战,实用主义和遵循规则作为表面原则.
- 社区影响,风险和责任是AV专家道德决策的关键基础因素.
- 需要进一步的研究,以充分理解和解决AV道德编程的复杂性.
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