在未接种疫苗的康复个体中,可检测到的SARS-CoV-2特异性免疫反应,在野生型感染后250天
Nikolas Weigl1, Claire Pleimelding2, Leonard Gilberg2
1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL).
PloS one
|June 11, 2025
概括
感染SARS-CoV-2引起持久的记忆T细胞和抗体反应,在轻度COVID-19后长达250天. 这项针对天真的德国人的研究证实了在无症状至中度SARS-CoV-2疾病后,细胞免疫力强.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 记忆T细胞对于长期免疫力对抗SARS-CoV-2等病毒感染至关重要.
- 现有的研究往往侧重于接种疫苗或多次感染的个体,留下了解天真人群体反应的差距.
- 关于德国社区中完全天真个体的SARS-CoV-2免疫反应的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 在无症状至中度COVID-19后康复的个体中研究记忆T细胞的免疫表型.
- 评估针对SARS-CoV-2抗原的幽默免疫反应 (抗体状态).
- 确定抗体反应与普通感冒冠状病毒的潜在交叉反应性,并通过细胞内细胞因子染色分析T细胞反应.
主要方法:
- 在174名康复患者的外周血液中对白细胞群 (B,T,NK细胞) 的免疫类型定型.
- 针对SARS-CoV-2核体 (N) 和尖端 (S1/RBD) 抗原的IgG抗体的血清检测.
- 在抗原刺激后的子集 (n=76) 中对常见感冒冠状病毒N抗原和细胞内细胞因子染色 (ICS) 测定IgG的测量.
主要成果:
- 在SARS-CoV-2阳性和对照组之间观察到CD4+记忆T细胞种群 (CD4+ TEM,CD4+ TEMRA) 的显著差异.
- 在SARS-CoV-2刺激时,与细胞因子 (TNFα,IFNγ) 生产相关的T细胞差异,表明特定的细胞免疫反应.
- 清晰的记忆T细胞和幽默反应可以在感染后250天内检测到.
结论:
- 轻度至中度的COVID-19在以前无病的个体中诱导可检测和持久的细胞和幽默免疫记忆.
- 研究结果支持即使在初次接触SARS-CoV-2后,细胞免疫反应也持续存在.
- 这项研究提供了关于SARS-CoV-2感染在一个天真人群中的长期免疫后续的有价值的见解.
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