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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
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基于干细胞的胚胎模型:2021年ISSCR干细胞指南修订

Amander T Clark1, Heidi Cook-Andersen2, Sarah Franklin3

  • 1Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, Center for Reproductive Science, Health and Education, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.

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基于人类干细胞的胚胎模型 (SCBEMs) 的新指南强调适当的审查,科学理由和研究的有限时间表. 这些更新旨在提高对这个不断变化的领域的清晰度和公众信任.

关键词:
关于ISSCR的指导方针胚胎胚胎是一个胚胎.基于干细胞的胚胎模型

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科学领域:

  • 发展生物学 发展生物学
  • 干细胞研究 干细胞研究
  • 生物医学伦理 生物医学伦理

背景情况:

  • 基于人类干细胞的胚胎模型 (SCBEMs) 提供了对人类胚胎发生,生殖技术和疾病起源的见解.
  • 与其他干细胞模型 (如有机体) 相比,SCBEMs具有独特的伦理考虑.
  • 现有的2021年ISSCR指南将SCBEM研究监督根据胚胎和胚胎外血统参与进行分类.

研究的目的:

  • 根据最近的科学进展,重新审查和更新基于人类干细胞的胚胎模型 (SCBEMs) 的现有指南.
  • 为SCBEM研究提供更明确的伦理和科学监督建议.
  • 确保公众对涉及胚胎模型的干细胞研究的持续信任.

主要方法:

  • 一个工作组由国际干细胞研究协会 (ISSCR) 执行委员会召开.
  • 该小组对2021年ISSCR指南进行了彻底的重新审查.
  • 根据最近在创建复杂的SCBEM方面取得的进展,制定了新的建议.

主要成果:

  • 涉及有组织的3D人类SCBEM的研究需要适当的审查.
  • 所有人类SCBEM研究必须具有明确的科学理由.
  • 人类SCBEM研究应在有限的,明确的时间表内进行.

结论:

  • 拟议的修改旨在为快速发展的SCBEM领域带来清晰度.
  • 这些更新的指南将帮助研究人员,监督委员会和利益相关者在SCBEM研究中进行导航.
  • 遵守修订后的指导方针对于保持科学完整性和公众信任至关重要.