从1700年到2021年全球黑碳排放和人口暴露的趋势
Min Shan1, Rong Dai1, Yaqi Zhu1
1Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
Environmental science & technology
|June 12, 2025
概括
这项研究创建了一个详细的黑碳 (BC) 排放清单从1700-2021. 全球平均人口暴露于BC显著减少,这是由于更清洁的住宅能源,女性体验更高的室内暴露.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 大气化学 大气化学
- 气候变化研究 气候变化研究
背景情况:
- 黑碳 (BC) 排放量库存对于应对气候变化和空气污染至关重要.
- 现有的库存存在来源归因,排放因子和时空变化的不确定性.
- 准确的BC数据对于了解其对人类健康和气候系统的影响至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 开发一个新的,高分辨率的,每月的BC排放清单,从1700年到2021年.
- 分析BC排放和人口暴露的历史趋势.
- 研究能量转换对室内和环境中的BC度的影响.
主要方法:
- 整合最近的能源消耗数据 (住宅和工业部门) 与现场测量的排放因子.
- 开发一个具有高空间分辨率 (0.1°×0.1°) 的BC库存.
- 在历史分析中首次将室内BC暴露纳入.
主要成果:
- 该研究提供了从工业前时代到现在的BC排放清单.
- 环境BC度通常遵循排放趋势,而室内BC度显示相反的趋势.
- 全球平均人口对BC的暴露显著下降,从1700年的29.7μg/m3降至2021年的8.8μg/m3.
- 由于家庭活动,女性的BC暴露率高于男性.
结论:
- 新的BC库存为评估人类对空气污染和气候的干预提供了有价值的工具.
- 在住宅部门向清洁能源的过渡已经大大减少了人口对BC的暴露.
- 了解特定性别的暴露模式对于有针对性的公共卫生干预很重要.
更多相关视频
相关概念视频
The Carbon Cycle
37.1K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
37.1K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.2K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.2K
Global Climate Change
24.3K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.3K
Conservation of Declining Populations
9.6K
Conservation of declining population focuses on ways of detecting, diagnosing, and halting a population decline. The approach uses methods to prevent populations from going extinct.
9.6K
Biological Effects of Radiation
15.3K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
15.3K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion
942
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
942


