核酸和功能多样性的联系在肠道细菌之间有所不同
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|June 12, 2025
概括
肠道细菌基因组显示出不同的进化路径. 辅助基因,特别是移动遗传元素,变化速度比核心基因更快,影响了微生物组研究.
科学领域:
- 微生物组研究的研究.
- 细菌基因组学是一种细菌基因组学.
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
背景情况:
- 细菌物种中的基因组多样性对于理解它们的进化,生态和与宿主相互作用至关重要.
- 解释微生物组动态需要了解塑造细菌基因组在物种层面的力量.
研究的目的:
- 在流行肠道细菌物种中描述特定内基因组变异性.
- 研究基因内容分歧和核心基因组单核酸多态 (SNP) 分歧之间的关系.
- 评估辅助基因和移动遗传元素相对于核心基因组SNP的进化动态.
主要方法:
- 从统一人类肠道基因组 (UHGG) 集合中分析了100多种流行肠道细菌物种.
- 基因内容分歧和核心基因组SNP分歧的量化.
- 对辅助基因和移动遗传元素的链接衰变的评估.
主要成果:
- 基因内容分歧与核心基因组SNP分歧有可预测的相关性,但进化速率在物种之间有很大差异.
- 辅助基因,特别是移动遗传元素,比核心SNP更快地表现出链接衰变,这表明功能谱的流动性很高.
- 移动遗传元素与核心基因组SNP的联系最小,这表明了独立的进化轨迹.
结论:
- 肠道细菌表现出特定物种的重组机制,受横向基因转移和基因组可塑性的影响.
- 微生物组范围的关联研究和进化模型必须考虑这些特定物种的进化动态.
- 了解基因组变异性是破译微生物组功能和演变的关键.
相关概念视频
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
5.7K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
5.7K
Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes
7.9K
While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
7.9K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
7.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
7.0K
Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes
43.5K
The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
Genomic Diversity in Bacteria
Although bacterial genomes are much...
43.5K
Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
397
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
397
The Central Dogma
20.8K
The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
RNA is the Missing Link Between DNA and Proteins
In the early 1900s, scientists discovered that DNA stores all the information needed for cellular functions and that proteins perform most of these functions. However, the mechanisms of converting genetic information into functional proteins remained unknown for many years. Initially, it was believed that a single gene is...
20.8K


