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相关概念视频

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

336
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
336
Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

1.4K
Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
1.4K
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
27
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

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During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
47
Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

66
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
66
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

31
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
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在ABCD研究中通过横截面和纵向分析揭示了发育期间的融合和分离的大脑认知关系.

Yapei Xie, Shaoshi Zhang, Csaba Orban

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    青春期早期稳定的大脑网络组织强烈预测了未来的认知能力. 这种基本的大脑连接影响认知,而不是短期的变化或当前的认知状态.

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    相关实验视频

    Last Updated: Jun 13, 2025

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    科学领域:

    • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
    • 发展心理学 发展心理学
    • 认知科学 认知科学

    背景情况:

    • 在发育过程中了解大脑网络和认知能力的共同进化至关重要.
    • 青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究为研究这些关系提供了宝贵的纵向数据.

    研究的目的:

    • 研究休息状态功能连接 (FC)及其变化如何预测青春期早期的认知能力.
    • 确定基线FC或纵向FC变化是未来认知功能的更强的预测因素.
    • 探索大脑网络组织和随时间推移的认知发展之间的动态相互作用.

    主要方法:

    • 利用了来自ABCD研究的2,949名个体 (年龄为8.9-13.5岁) 的纵向数据.
    • 分析了基线和2年休息状态功能连接 (FC) 和认知能力的测量.
    • 采用预测建模来评估FC和认知结果之间的关系,考虑到可靠性差异.

    主要成果:

    • 基线功能连接 (FC) 是未来认知能力的更强的预测因素,而不是并发的认知能力.
    • 根据基线FC训练的预测模型对未来的认知数据进行了更好的概括,这表明加强了大脑认知关系.
    • 基线FC在预测未来认知能力方面表现优于纵向FC变化,即使考虑到测量可靠性.

    结论:

    • 青春期早期大脑功能网络组织的稳定个体差异显著影响未来的认知结果.
    • 这些发现表明,基础的大脑连接在认知发展中起着比连接能力的短期波动更为关键的作用.
    • 这项研究提供了大脑认知关系的发展轨迹的见解,并强调了稳定的网络组织的重要性.