中国大陆癌症的流行病学,病因学和未来的预防方案
Hongsen Chen1,2,3, Jie Xu4, Wenbin Liu1,2,3
1Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Bioprotection, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
Frontiers in oncology
|June 12, 2025
概括
中国面临着相当大的癌症负担,肺癌,肝癌,胃癌,结直肠癌和食道癌是导致死亡的主要原因. 通过运动等初级预防来解决可修改的风险因素是减少癌症发病率和死亡率的关键.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 中国大陆承担着相当大的全球癌症负担,对新增病例和死亡人数作出了重大贡献.
- 五种主要的癌症类型 - - 肺癌,原发性肝癌 (PLC),胃癌,结直肠癌 (CRC) 和食道癌 - - 占癌症相关死亡率的三分之二以上.
- 癌症发病率正在上升,原因是与贫困相关的 (例如感染) 和与富裕相关的 (例如代谢障碍) 风险因素的结合.
研究的目的:
- 描述中国大陆癌症负担的时空空间分布.
- 确定导致高癌症负担的主要原因.
- 提出基于证据的预防和控制主要癌症类型的战略.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed和CNKI数据库的系统文献搜索.
- 来自国际癌症研究机构 (IARC) 2022年数据集的数据分析.
- 检查中国国家死亡率监测系统记录 (2004-2018).
主要成果:
- PLC,胃癌和食道癌的年龄标准化发病率和死亡率正在下降,但原始率正在增加.
- 肺癌死亡率在城市地区正在下降,但在农村人口中正在上升.
- 结肠直肠癌的负担正在稳步增加,与存在的贫困和富裕相关的风险因素有关.
结论:
- 针对可修改的风险因素的初级预防,例如促进有氧运动以减少炎症,是一种具有成本效益的战略.
- 优化二级和三级预防措施至关重要.
- 解决经济转型期间出现的主要风险因素对于减少发展中国家癌症负担至关重要.
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