心理理论和心理时间旅行能力是否建立在共同的认知基础上?
Lydia Paulin Schidelko1, Leonie Baumann1, Marina Proft1
1Department of Cognitive Developmental Psychology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Niedersachsen, Germany.
Royal Society open science
|June 12, 2025
概括
孩子 孩子 孩子 孩子
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 较高的认知功能,如思维理论 (ToM) 和心理时间旅行 (MTT),将认知扩展到不仅仅是当下.
- ToM涉及理解他人的观点,而MTT涉及对过去和未来事件的推理.
- 对于ToM和MTT的发展关系和共享的认知基础仍然不完全理解.
研究的目的:
- 调查儿童的思维理论 (ToM) 和心理时间旅行 (MTT) 之间的发展关系.
- 确定ToM和MTT是否有共同的认知基础,并在开发过程中一起出现.
- 检查ToM和MTT中更高层次的能力是否遵循并行和协调的发展轨迹.
主要方法:
- 与3至9岁的儿童进行了四项研究 (N = 395).
- 用第一,第二和第三级错误信念任务来评估ToM.
- 使用涉及未来可能性,反事实推理和预测反事实情绪的任务来评估MTT.
主要成果:
- 在ToM和MTT中独立观察到逐步发展的进展.
- 在每个职能范围内,表现模式中均有适度的一致性.
- 在不同复杂度级别的ToM和MTT性能之间没有发现强有力的相关性.
结论:
- ToM和MTT呈现出平行,逐步的发展轨迹.
- 这些发现并没有提供强有力的证据,证明ToM和MTT的基础是共同的认知基础.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明这些更高的认知能力之间的准确关系.
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