美国艾滋病毒成年人的癌症发病率和趋势
Cameron B Haas1, Jennifer K McGee-Avila1, Qianlai Luo1
1National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
JAMA oncology
|June 12, 2025
概括
艾滋病毒感染者的癌症发病率和风险有所下降,在治疗和预防方面取得了进展. 这些发现有助于优先考虑癌症预防和艾滋病毒老龄化人口的早期检测.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 抗逆转录病毒治疗的改进增加了艾滋病毒感染者的寿命.
- 准确的癌症风险数据对于指导这一群体的预防和临床护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 通过基于人口的艾滋病毒和癌症登记册,估计艾滋病毒感染者的癌症发病率 (IRs).
- 为艾滋病毒感染者提供癌症预防策略和临床指导方针.
主要方法:
- 基于人口的队列研究 (2001-2019) 将12个美国州,华盛顿特区和波多黎各的艾滋病毒和癌症登记簿联系起来.
- 在历年期间计算的年龄标准化IR和发病率比率 (IRR).
- 估计的标准化发病率 (SIR) 和特定年龄组的发病率.
主要成果:
- 扩散性大B细胞淋巴瘤,卡波西肉瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,肺癌和肝癌的发病率从2010-2014年到2015-2019年显著下降.
- 在70-84岁的人群中,前列腺癌,肺癌,女性乳腺癌,肝癌和结肠癌的IR值最高.
- 在2015-2019年,卡波西肉瘤,霍奇金淋巴瘤,DLBCL,门癌,阴道癌,肝癌和肺癌的高风险 (SIR) 持续存在,通常随着年龄的增长而下降.
结论:
- 艾滋病毒感染者癌症发病率和相对风险的下降表明,艾滋病毒治疗和癌症预防方面取得了进展.
- 这些估计对于优先考虑癌症预防和早期检测工作至关重要,因为艾滋病毒人口老龄化.
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