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相关概念视频

Cognitivism01:17

Cognitivism

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Cognitive psychology emerged as a significant field in the mid-20th century. It focused on understanding humans' internal mental processes. This approach emphasizes how people perceive, remember, think, and solve problems—elements critical to human cognition.
Previously dominated by behaviorism, which prioritized observable behaviors and largely ignored mental processes, psychology transformed in the 1950s. Cognitive psychologists argue that understanding how we think and process...
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Introduction to Cognitive Psychology01:20

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology

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Cognitive psychology is the field of psychology dedicated to examining how people think. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, as well as other cognitive processes. Cognitive psychology studies how information is processed and manipulated in remembering, thinking, and knowing.
This field emerged in the mid-20th century, following a period dominated by behaviorism, which...
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Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Cognitive Learning01:21

Cognitive Learning

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Cognitive learning is based on purposive behavior, incidental learning, and insight learning.
E. C. Tolman's theory of purposive behavior emphasizes that much behavior is goal-directed. He argued that to understand behavior, we must look at the entire sequence of actions leading to a goal. For instance, high school students study hard, not just due to past reinforcement but also to achieve the goal of getting into a good college.
Tolman introduced the idea that behavior is influenced by...
230
Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

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The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
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Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

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A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
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比较性认知是否存在一个奇怪的问题?

Kristin Andrews1, Susana Monsó2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, York University.

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|June 12, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

研究人员发现了 WEIRD-centrism,一种偏见,在比较认知中偏爱西方,受过教育,工业化,富裕和民主 (WEIRD) 的人类规范. 缓解这种偏见需要采用多基线方法和概念工程来实现跨物种理解.

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科学领域:

  • 比较的认知比较的认知.
  • 跨物种心理学 跨物种心理学
  • 研究中的文化偏见研究中的文化偏见.

背景情况:

  • 奇怪中心主义是比较认知研究中未被认可的偏见.
  • 这种偏见将西方,受过教育,工业化,富裕和民主 (WEIRD) 人口的规范和行为作为标准.
  • 它影响了跨物种实践,能力和概念的研究.

研究的目的:

  • 在比较认知中识别和描述WEIRD中心主义.
  • 提出减轻研究中这种文化偏见的方法.
  • 增强对跨物种相似之处和差异的理解.

主要方法:

  • 研究偏见的概念分析.
  • 建议使用非人类物种作为起点的多基准方法.
  • 应用哲学分析和概念工程来定义心理能力.

主要成果:

  • 奇怪中心主义是一个重要的,但未被承认的,影响比较认知的偏见.
  • 多基线方法提供了一个框架,以去中心化以人为中心的观点.
  • 概念工程有助于定义和比较不同物种的心理能力.

结论:

  • 解决WEIRD中心主义对于推进比较认知至关重要.
  • 多基线和概念工程方法可以导致更客观的跨物种比较.
  • 这些方法促进对物种内部和物种之间认知多样性的细微理解.