军事飞行员在训练期间工作量评估飞行指导:职能和经验的影响
Marcelo Furtado de Almeida1,2, Amanda Brandello Farias Soares1, Fábio Angioluci Diniz Campos1,3
1Brazilian Air Force, Postgraduate Program in Human Operational Performance, Air Force University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21740-002, Brazil.
Military medicine
|June 12, 2025
概括
巴西军用飞行员在飞行训练期间经历了高度的心理工作负荷 (MWL),特别是教练. 性能,心理需求和努力是关键因素,突出了航空业需要有效的压力管理策略的需要.
科学领域:
- 航空心理学 航空心理学
- 飞行操作中的人类因素
- 航空航天医学 航空航天医学
背景情况:
- 飞行员的心理工作负载 (MWL) 是飞行安全的一个关键因素,受复杂任务,认知负载和情绪压力的影响.
- 人格,认知和情境意识的个体差异有助于MWL的变化.
- 评估MWL对于在动态航空环境中减轻人为错误至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估巴西军用飞行员在研究生飞行指导期间所经历的心理工作负载 (MWL).
- 确定在这个特定的试点群体中导致MWL的主要因素.
- 评估NASA-TLX和HRV作为MWL评估在作战飞行环境中的工具的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及T-27"图卡诺"飞机22名飞行员的横截面观测研究,分为教练和教练飞行员组.
- 用国家航空航天局任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 调查问卷来测量心理工作负载.
- 在实际的作战训练飞行中,通过心率变化 (HRV) 分析来评估生理压力.
主要成果:
- 平均MWL为69.82分,教练报告的得分 (74.2) 高于教练飞行员 (65.5).
- 对MWL的主要贡献者包括感知性能,心理需求和努力.
- HRV分析表明,同情活动增加,群体之间存在显著差异,这表明教练飞行员的精神需求更大.
结论:
- 训练飞行训练对教练和教练飞行员都造成了很大的心理工作负担.
- 美国宇航局TLX和HRV是全面评估飞行员心理生理压力和MWL的有效工具.
- 调查结果强调了管理MWL的重要性,以提高军事航空培训中的飞行安全.
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