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人工智能在改善不良怀孕结果中的作用:全面审查和考虑伦理问题
Mariana Nogueira1, Sandra Lopes Aparício2, Ivone Duarte2,3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Journal of clinical medicine
|June 13, 2025
概括
人工智能 (AI) 在预测诸如早产和高血压疾病等不良妊娠结果 (APO) 方面表现有前途. 然而,诸如偏见和透明度等伦理考虑对于产前护理的安全和公平实施至关重要.
科学领域:
- 产科和妇科 产科和妇科
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
背景情况:
- 怀孕不良结果 (APO) 对孕妇构成重大健康风险,并可能致命.
- APO包括诸如高血压疾病,妊娠糖尿病,早产和胎儿生长限制等疾病.
- 通过先进技术改善产前护理对于减轻这些风险至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查人工智能 (AI) 在提高不良妊娠结果 (APO) 的预测和管理方面的实用性.
- 评估AI在个性化产前护理,支持临床决策和改善监测方面的作用.
- 确定与人工智能在产科应用相关的伦理考虑.
主要方法:
- 对2020年至2024年间发表的同行评审文章进行了范围审查.
- 在PubMed,Web of Science和Scopus数据库中进行了搜索,仅限于英语语言和人文研究.
- 如果这些研究描述了AI在改进APOs中的使用,并解决了伦理问题,就会被纳入;系统性审查和灰色文献被排除在外.
主要成果:
- 五项研究符合纳入标准,重点关注早产,妊娠高血压疾病和妊娠期糖尿病.
- 机器学习模型,包括极端梯度增强 (XGBoost) 和随机森林 (RF),证明了改善产前护理的潜力.
- 确定的主要伦理挑战包括算法偏见,缺乏透明度和监管监督的需要.
结论:
- 人工智能工具可以通过预测产科并发症来增强产前护理,但伦理考虑和透明度至关重要.
- 人工智能的整合应该支持,而不是取代临床医生的作用,强调医疗保健中的同情心和人性化.
- 灵活的培训和严格的立法是必要的,以确保人工智能在产科的安全和公平使用.
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