在威野生禽类捕食者方面,昆虫的化和贝特斯模仿有多有效?
Marta Skowron Volponi1,2, Leonardo Dapporto3, Luca P Casacci4
1Division of Biodiversity and Behavioural Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
Ecology
|June 13, 2025
概括
中的贝蒂斯模仿能力对像欧洲红这样的捕食者提供了有限的保护. 虽然有些模仿物能威鸟类,但它们的有效性各不相同,这挑战了昆虫防御中的普遍保护假设.
科学领域:
- 生态学和进化生物学
- 动物行为 动物行为
- 昆虫学 昆虫学是一门学科.
背景情况:
- 贝蒂斯模仿,一个无害的物种模仿一个有害的物种,在Lepidoptera中很常见,它模仿了无体的Hymenoptera.
- 在自然的捕食者-猎物相互作用中量化贝特斯模仿的效率的实证研究很少.
- 仿真可以涉及视觉,声学和化学信号,但它们在捕食者威中的联合作用尚未得到充分理解.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查模仿阴道鸟的清翼 (Sesiidae) 和白天 (Sphingidae) 是否与视觉线索一起使用声学模仿.
- 为了比较鸟类捕食者欧洲红 (Erithacus rubecula) 的反捕食者反应,与鸟模型及其鸟模仿者.
- 测试关于捕食者歧视的预测,基于模仿模型对中的感知风险和捕食者反应相似性.
主要方法:
- 基于现场的实验使用欧洲红作为模型捕食者进行.
- 鸟物种 (模型) 及其可疑的鸟模仿物被呈现给红.
- 罗宾斯对模型和模仿者的行为反应 (例如,回避) 被记录和分析.
主要成果:
- 红对大黄蜂 (Vespa crabro) 和它的模仿者,大黄蜂清除 (Sesia apiformis),表现出明显的回避行为.
- 这种特定的模仿模型对显著阻止了鸟类捕食者,这表明在这种情况下有效的贝特斯模仿.
- 对其他经过测试的女鸟模型及其模仿物的反应并没有显示出同样的捕食者威水平.
结论:
- 这项研究挑战了巴特斯模仿在所有昆虫物种和捕食者类型中提供普遍保护的假设.
- 像欧洲红这样的捕食者可以根据感知到的风险来区分模型和模仿者,这表明了细微的捕食者-猎物动态.
- 这些发现强调了在评估模仿效果时考虑特定的捕食者-猎物相互作用和信号模式的重要性.
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